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पापाजी
1910–1997 CE · Punjab — Lucknow
Tradition: Ramana Maharshi lineage
Direct transmission of self-recognition; immediate awakening through grace; questioning of all spiritual achievements as mind-content.
Born in West Punjab; spent 25 years searching for Krishna's vision; met Ramana Maharshi who said 'God will appear when this mind is gone'; awakened; became wandering teacher; settled in Lucknow last decade of life.
Direct disciple of Ramana Maharshi; hosted Western seekers in Lucknow in 1990s; influenced contemporary teachers like Mooji, Gangaji, Andrew Cohen.
H.W.L. Poonja (Papaji) stands within the lineage of Ramana Maharshi lineage. Understanding a saint requires understanding the school of thought, the lineage of teachers, and the historical context that shaped them. The Ramana Maharshi lineage tradition has shaped Hindu spiritual life through its philosophical foundations, its liturgy, its scriptures, and the institutions its founding ācāryas built and sustained across generations.
Saints in this tradition are not abstract figures from history — they are the living chain through which the tradition transmits itself. To read H.W.L. Poonja (Papaji) correctly is to read both the writings (where they survive) and the institutions they founded, the disciples they taught, and the practices they reinterpreted. Where written works are listed above, they remain the primary source for studying their thought; for the practical transmission, one studies under a teacher of the same lineage.
The dates and biographical details preserved in tradition often differ from those accepted by modern academic historians. Where the difference matters for interpretation, both views are noted; otherwise the traditional account is given with sources cited.
Awaiting scholar verification. If you spot a factual error in dates, lineage, or teaching, please write to us.